The industrial applications of cannabis are said to be in the range of thousands. Before prohibition, cannabis was used for a wide variety of applications ranging from ropes to canvas to building materials to paper. It was a part of life. With the advent of cannabis prohibition and the introduction of petrochemical based products, many of the areas in which cannabis was used was replaced by the newer, non-biodegradable materials. The timber industry ensured that renewable cannabis used for paper became a thing of the past.
In the recent past, there is increasing interest in the use of cannabis for industrial use once again, fueled by the waves of legalization in the US, Canada, Uruguay and Europe. Industrial research on cannabis is showing its potential to be used for paper, canvas, automobile parts, fabrics, construction material, nanotechnology, super capacitors, food, wellness, cosmetics, fast moving consumer goods (FMCG), etc to name just a few areas. The potential of cannabis to reduce the usage of concrete in building, to reduce the use of synthetic petrochemical based materials and cotton in fabrics, to reduce the cutting down of trees for paper, to reduce use of non-biodegradable plastic, potential for cannabis based bio-fuels, etc should not be taken lightly, especially in the light of a rapidly increasing need for conventional industries to change course from the current environmentally damaging industrial practices to one of sustainable industrial activity. It is heartwarming to see companies like Levi Strauss exploring the potential of cannabis fabric to make jeans and automobile giants exploring the use of cannabis based materials to build recyclable auto parts. Cannabis as an agricultural crop is known to survive in adverse climatic conditions and replenish soil micronutrients as well as sequester CO2.
In the recent past, there is increasing interest in the use of cannabis for industrial use once again, fueled by the waves of legalization in the US, Canada, Uruguay and Europe. Industrial research on cannabis is showing its potential to be used for paper, canvas, automobile parts, fabrics, construction material, nanotechnology, super capacitors, food, wellness, cosmetics, fast moving consumer goods (FMCG), etc to name just a few areas. The potential of cannabis to reduce the usage of concrete in building, to reduce the use of synthetic petrochemical based materials and cotton in fabrics, to reduce the cutting down of trees for paper, to reduce use of non-biodegradable plastic, potential for cannabis based bio-fuels, etc should not be taken lightly, especially in the light of a rapidly increasing need for conventional industries to change course from the current environmentally damaging industrial practices to one of sustainable industrial activity. It is heartwarming to see companies like Levi Strauss exploring the potential of cannabis fabric to make jeans and automobile giants exploring the use of cannabis based materials to build recyclable auto parts. Cannabis as an agricultural crop is known to survive in adverse climatic conditions and replenish soil micronutrients as well as sequester CO2.
Cannabis is one of the fastest growing industries in the US. The revenues from the legal cannabis industry are projected to be around $45 billion by 2025. The cannabis industry now has more than 300,000 full time employees in the US. All this, at a time when cannabis is still considered illegal at the federal level.
Yet the resistance to change and opposition from vested interests especially the petrochemical and fossil fuel based industries should not be underestimated, as they see i industrial cannabis a threat to their current way of life. Not only is industrial research on cannabis applications to be encouraged greatly by government, university, agricultural and industry bodies but equally importantly, the scaling up to large scale industrial implementation of the output of such research should be supported and encouraged by all. It is quite vital for the planet that a wide range of industries across the board embrace cannabis research and its use in their respective industries.
It is quite startling to find out that the 1961 UN Single Convention Treaty on Narcotic Drugs, the basis of all international and national drug laws, does not consider cannabis for industrial purposes as a part of its scope. In Article 28, CONTROL OF CANNABIS, section 2 it states that "This Convention shall not apply to the cultivation of the cannabis plant exclusively for industrial purposes (fibre and seed) or horticultural purposes." In spite of this, no country in the world explicitly encourages the research into cannabis for industrial purposes. France, Europe's biggest industrial cannabis producer, and China, the world's largest industrial cannabis producer, have been more or less clandestinely going about the research and application of cannabis for industrial purposes. The US, in its Farm Bill 2018, finally legalized low THC cannabis for industrial and agricultural purposes, most likely in response to the raging synthetic drug epidemic that it was facing, as well as growing international pressure to cut down on its carbon emissions in a world increasingly threatened by runaway climate change and its associated catastrophes. Even these countries, on the global stage, maintain an anti-cannabis attitude, while they quietly build their industrial cannabis capabilities. It is really strange, considering that the effects of global warming, and fossil fuel and synthetic pharma based environmental degradation, will not respect national borders. It is the urgent necessity that every single nation of the world adopt cannabis for industrial purposes on massive scales to even hope to slow down the speed at which climate disasters approach us. But almost all nations continue to not only ignore cannabis for industrial purposes, they actively take steps to curb research and industrial use of cannabis to promote the very industries that have become the number one threat to all life on the planet.
Funding for industrial research continues to be completely dominated by the petrochemical, which includes chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and synthetic pharmaceutical industries. They pump in huge amounts of money into research that produces non-biodegradable, unsustainable, industrial products that only further add to the heaps of polluting materials that we have flooded our planet with in the last couple of centuries. While the need of the hour is research that produces sustainable materials and products that have a closed loop, meaning that they go back into the earth seamlessly leaving no trace or footprint, the unsustainable industries continue to arm twist, seduce and bribe industrial research to produce unviable materials that only serve to increase their already obscene wealth and further damage the planet. Researchers looking to make environmentally viable and sustainable products and materials, especially using cannabis, are met with insurmountable hurdles from these industries and the governments that support them.
It will take a great deal of will and dedication for industrial research to align itself to the real needs of the planet. Massive support from governments is required to achieve this. Cannabis for industrial purposes need not only be at the large corporation level, but can be promoted through craftsmanship at the local community level building up a number of small and medium scale industries that use cannabis as raw material. Again all this needs commitment and backing from governments.
The following set of articles related to the subject are taken from various media. Words in italics are the thoughts of yours truly at the time of reading the article.
'This study demonstrated the applicability of C. sativa extracts for rapid and economical green synthesis of nanoparticles, some of which can be effectively used against biofilm formations. The developed methodology allowed to produce several types of nanoparticles: F-AuNPs, at 1:1 ratio of plant extract:water, 100°C, 4 mM gold salt in 3 min; C-AuNPs, at 1:1 ratio of plant extract:water, 90°C, 2 mM salt in 2.5 min; C-AgNPs, with complete extract, 90°C, 5 mM silver salt in 8 min. C-AgNPs were applied for effective inhibition and disruption of P. aeruginosa and E. coli biofilms. The question generating nanoparticles that would possess the desired morphology with well-defined size and shape is still open, and further study is required to develop a technology in which nanoparticles of specific size and shape can be obtained by the use of medicinal and industrially important C. sativa plants.'
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6016601/
'Traditionally, hemp is grown for either seed or fiber. Hemp seeds contain approximately 30% protein, 25% starch, and 30% oil. Pressed seeds release an oil that contains >90% polyunsaturated fatty acids. With a desirable ratio of omega-6 to omega-3 lipids, hemp seed oil is a valuable addition to human and animal diets. Additionally, the oil can be used for cooking or processed into cosmetics and fuels. The residual seed cake can be used for protein rich animal feed. Bast fibers are primarily used to make high quality papers, whereas most hurd goes into animal beddings. Recent technological advances have expanded the use of hemp fiber and hurd to include the production of carbon nanosheets, plastics, 3D-printer filaments, oil absorbent materials, and construction concrete. Additionally, hemp produces over 100 known cannabinoids, most notably CBD. In the USA, clinical trials are investigating CBD for treatment of 26 medical conditions. Furthermore, CBD has been granted orphan drug status for eleven conditions.'
https://www.cell.com/trends/plant-science/fulltext/S1360-1385(17)30177-2
'The U.S. hemp-derived CBD market alone is projected to reach $450 million by 2020, and China's cannabis market could grow to 100 billion yuan by 2022 (approximately $14.5 billion). Hemp is already interwoven into the futures of the automotive, construction, energy, environmental mediation and technology industries. Once fully utilized and legal, this plant could impact the global economic positionings of North America, China and Africa.'
https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2018/10/23/the-age-of-hemp-global-advanced-industrial-applications/
'Given the sheer amount of applications for the plant, there are myriad footholds for entry to industrial hemp’s related markets. For immediate purposes, a back-of-an-envelope review of motives for engagement includes at least five, according to New Frontier Data’s Chief Knowledge Officer John Kagia:'
https://m.benzinga.com/article/13334806
- 'What exactly is hemp used for? The better question is what can't it be used for. Hemp is a durable material that can be fashioned into everything from food and beer to clothing to beauty products. Hemp can also be used to make plastic, an alternative biofuel, cars, and an estimated 25,000 other products.
- Is it difficult to grow? Nope, hemp is a farmer's best friend. It's good for the soil, helping to remove toxins. It grows well with little fertilizer, no pesticides, and less water than many other crops. It's also extremely dense, which means it takes less valuable farmland. It's relatively profitable (Canadian farmers are reporting $300 per/acre profits). And it grows fast—that's where the name weed came from.
- So I've heard it's good for combating climate change. Why's that? While not a silver bullet for climate, hemp is one of many possible agricultural solutions for a variety of reasons. Hemp actually absorbs more CO2 than trees, needs less water than plants like cotton, and can also be used to make a sustainable biofuel.'
'“[Animal] Feed, it possibly could be involved in there. That has not been one of the primary uses we’ve heard of. We hear a lot of industrial uses for it, but I think it remains to be seen if part of the product could be used in animal agriculture. Happy cows,” he jokes.'
https://www.agweb.com/article/perdue-answers-buzz-on-hemp-in-animal-feed/
'Approximately 65% of sub-Saharan Africa’s agricultural land is
degraded, according to data collected in 2015, resulting in food
insecurity and a declining economy in a region where the agricultural
industry employs more than half of the total labor force. Hemp’s soil
nutrient replenishing properties could be the key to reviving crop
production, providing a novel food source (hemp seeds) and boosting the
agro-based economies of South Africa and other hemp-cultivating
sub-Saharan countries.'
https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2018/10/23/the-age-of-hemp-global-advanced-industrial-applications/
https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2018/10/23/the-age-of-hemp-global-advanced-industrial-applications/
- 'Hemp could challenge fossil-fuel-based products in a range of areas: Innovations in hemp-based bioplastics and biofuels (spurred by falling production costs) will lead to hemp-based products’ challenging petroleum-based products, including (as is already being done) BMW vehicle interiors. Ever since TV host and comedian Jay Leno posted an online video of himself test-driving a 2017 Renew sports car (with a chassis fashioned from 100 pounds of woven hemp), fewer potential participants have been willing to get left behind;
- Hemp cultivation in less-developed countries across Africa, Asia, and Latin America will provide a high-volume, low-cost source for CBD, posing a considerable challenge to higher-cost producers in North America and Europe. Nevertheless, given the nascent hemp production in the developing markets, need will persist for the transfer of significant knowledge, technology, and capital for such emerging nations to develop the requisite processes and quality standards to sufficiently serve international markets.'
'Though hemp-derived CBD is generating significant hemp sales, non-CBD hemp products still constitute a larger slice of the pie.
Most states have now developed state-licensed industrial hemp programs to produce not only hemp-derived CBD products but also fibers and textiles, paper, animal feed, and even human food using hemp.
In other words, hemp production expands far beyond topical creams. It impacts many other retail markets as well.
That’s why the general animus behind the U.S. hemp industry is so explosive – and exciting – for both entrepreneurs and investors.'
https://energyandresourcesdigest.com/bright-future-ahead-us-hemp-market/
'Hemp was not always in the shadows, there was a time it was one of the most widely used material in almost every industry. But due to the social in-acceptance of its cousin, it came into a bad light, BOHECO is trying to give hemp its former glory back. He believes that, in order to make a big change for oneself and the world one lives in, the path less trodden has to be walked on. BOHECO fulfills every aspect of that. He is responsible for developing a robust market for industrial hemp-based products in the currently nascent markets of South Asia.'
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2n3UkSbElKs
'One variety, hemp, is well known for its potential in paper, textiles, paint and plastics manufacturing. Recently researchers suggested hemp could even usurp graphene as the future material for super-capacitors, providing a low-cost, renewable raw material for energy storage.'
'Researchers have found a way to boost the energy density of supercapacitors through the use of more sophisticated electrodes composed of hemp fibers.'
Hemp Batteries Could Become A Reality — BobMarley.com (News We Note)
'For years, hemp has had a lousy reputation. Often confused with its cousin, marijuana, it's in fact a different variety of cannabis, with the main difference being a considerably lower THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) level. Michael Lewis and Rebecca Burgess know the difference. They know that the United States has a history with industrial hemp, from colonial times all the way to World War II, and that it can be used to make thousands of products, including textiles, health foods, and car parts. Could growing hemp revive an entire industry? This short documentary by Patagonia follows Lewis and Burgess as they collaborate to reintroduce industrial hemp to the U.S. landscape.'
https://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/short-film-showcase/turning-seeds-into-an-american-icon-a-history-of-hemp-in-the-us
'According to the National Conference of State Legislatures, 16 states allow industrial hemp production for commercial purposes. Industrial hemp fibers could be used for products ranging from building materials and textiles to cosmetics and health food, for example, through processes that reduce safety and environmental hazards.'
https://www.illinoispolicy.org/illinois-lawmakers-pass-bill-legalizing-industrial-hemp/
'Hemp fans often tout the crop as a miracle plant. At the NoCo Hemp Expo in Loveland, Colorado, in April, speakers pumped up the crowd with talk of hemp-based plastic, clothing, concrete, houses and animal feed, among another 25,000 possible uses. But it could be years before any of these products are commercially viable in the U.S. There are still significant legal barriers, for one. At the federal level, hemp remains classified as a Schedule 1 controlled substance, alongside drugs like heroin. That means that banks can’t loan money to hemp-based businesses or hold money earned from growing or selling hemp products. Farmers also can’t get crop insurance from the U.S. Department of Agriculture to cover potential losses to drought or disease.'
https://www.hcn.org/issues/50.16/politics-agriculture-republicans-tout-hemps-potential
Good to see the so called advanced industrial nations doing something that is truly advanced given the need of the hour. India is nowhere to be seen on this chart, in fact no Asian country other than China is. India's 2nd on the list of arms importers after Saudi Arabia though...
- 'New Frontier Data predicts sales of hemp-based industrial products to accelerate with strong growth across global markets for 5-10 years.
- With 2018 sales of $425 million, Europe remains the global leader in industrial hemp. Out front with segments like hemp-based automotive parts (biocomposites) and animal bedding, Europe will retain its lead in global industrial sales due to its established producers, processing capacity, and mature supply chains.
- Estimates for hemp-based industrial products do not include textiles, a separate sales category in New Frontier Data’s analysis; in 2018, the global hemp-based textile market was worth $1.08 billion, led by China with sales of $846 million (representing over 78% of the global market).
- Given the 2018 Farm Bill, an emerging U.S. industrial market will compete with Europe’s through product innovations, increased processing capacity, and traditional entrepreneurial spirit.'
'Every major hemp market has developed its own specialization. For China, that specialization is consumer textiles. Total global sales in the segment were $1.08 billion in 2018, with China accounting for $854 million of those sales.'
https://www.benzinga.com/markets/cannabis/19/03/13318268/6-things-you-didnt-know-about-hemp
Good for business..the common man prefers the natural plant though...
'Lessening restrictions on the study of CBD would also be good news for biotech startups that have been producing cannabinoids through genetic engineering. These products could be purer and more affordable than those obtained through older methods of extraction from marijuana plants or chemical synthesis. '
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05659-z
'“More than twenty industrial hemp-producing countries worldwide each generate millions of dollars in revenue selling everything from fabrics to personal care products made from one of the world’s oldest crops,” said Pinkin (D-Middlesex). “Allowing our farmers to grow hemp will be an economic engine for our agribusiness and a way to preserve more farm space in our state.”'
http://www.assemblydems.com/Article.asp?ArticleID=14743
'Currently, sources of federally regulated cannabis in the United States are limited in scope and genetic diversity. Canopy Growth believes that it can add value to the market and enable the development of rigorous testing standards for products, while advancing the understanding of the risks and benefits of medical cannabis. The advancement of this research stands to serve Americans, Canadians and those around the world who may benefit from legal, approved cannabis based medical treatments. '
https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/canopy-growth-completes-first-legal-medical-cannabis-export-from-canada-to-the-united-states-300727458.html
As of now both the knowledge and the strains are at risk of being lost due to the even more vast amount of ignorance that exists currently..
'“India has probably the most amount of wealth of knowledge on cannabis, it has some of the best native strains of cannabis,” he told Hindustan times during an interview at TerrAscend’s sprawling facility in Mississauga, a suburb of Toronto.'
https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/indo-canadian-s-startup-bets-big-on-marijuana/story-D1HJwwKHcJvGjonHkVG9EN.html
'“We need to experiment with harvest, preservation and storage technologies, and this exemption means we won’t waste a year – which would have been the case if we were unable to collect plant material until Oct. 17,” Jeff Kostuik, a field agronomist employed by Hemp Genetics International and chairman of the Canadian Hemp Trade Alliance’s research committee, said in a statement.'
https://hempindustrydaily.com/health-canada-exemption-hemp-flower/
'“Cannabis producers, biotech firms and drug companies across Canada and the U.S. are splicing and dicing molecules found in cannabis plants; however, Katexco will be the world’s first to develop a drug that exploits a key receptor on immune cells in the brain with the ability to treat inflammatory diseases,” Rothbard told Benzinga.
“The Katexco compound synergizes with the body's signaling pathways for cannabis, and thus may enable more potent pharmaceuticals with fewer side effects. Not only will this potentially unlock billions of dollars in new investments, but it will also open up a new way to treat the brain to impact our immune system.”'
https://www.benzinga.com/general/biotech/18/10/12576542/a-new-way-to-treat-the-brain-stanford-university-scientists-launch-ca
Give me natural sungrown cannabis anytime please...you're most welcome to your innovations...the majority of the world's consumers do not have access to natural cannabis which is all they want in the first place...
'In conventional brewing, yeast produces enzymes that naturally turn sugar into alcohol and carbon dioxide. In the souped-up version, the scientists inserted more than a dozen genes into the yeast’s DNA, many of them copies of genes used by the marijuana plant to synthesize cannabinoids.
The genes pump out enzymes, which act as catalysts in a chain of chemical reactions, starting out with sugar and leading, eventually, to a chemical called cannabigerolic acid, described as “the mother of all cannabinoids”. A range of cannabis compounds, including THC and CBD, can be derived from this acid.'
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/feb/27/gm-yeast-brew-cannabis-beer-scientists-california
'In a finding that will likely be unsurprising to anyone who has stumbled upon an old stash of cannabis stored in a sock drawer, the study determined that the amount of THC decreased—thus increasing the amount of CBN—in the samples stored at room temperature. In the first 100 days of data gathering, the THC in the marijuana stored in both light and dark spaces at room temperature had degraded by 13 percent and 11 percent, respectively.
Meanwhile, the refrigerated cannabis did show some decline in THC and increase in CBN over time, though not nearly as pronounced as the samples kept at room temperature.
The THC content in the samples stored in below-freezing conditions, however, did not significantly change.'
https://www.marijuanamoment.net/this-is-the-best-way-to-store-marijuana-for-the-apocalypse-according-to-science/
'The next big thing for marijuana growers could be tissue culture, which many horticultural experts say is a far better way to propagate and preserve a plant’s genetics.
Plant tissue culture – which came to the fore in the 1950s in the orchid industry – is a collection of techniques designed to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions in culture media, a rich blend of ingredients that promote plant-cell growth.'
https://mjbizdaily.com/tissue-culture-alternative-to-cloning/
'The company says the deal will help its hemp and THC-rich cannabis genetic breeding program, as well as other parts of its business.
https://www.theglobeandmail.com/cannabis/article-canopy-buying-us-hemp-researcher-ebbu-for-more-than-425-million/
'Based in Fort Collins, Colorado, NCIA member Growcentia specializes in organically-derived microbial nutrients, as well as agricultural research and development in both outdoor and greenhouse cultivation. Meet some of the Growcentia team to learn more about their work in both the laboratory and in the fields, and the challenges they still face due to strict federal laws. '
https://thecannabisindustry.org/video-member-spotlight-growcentia/
Patenting the plant without understanding her fully...any way to make a fast buck...
'Part of the reason companies have been slow to recognize the threat, analysts and investors say, is that patents are foreign to the open-source, laissez-faire culture that has historically surrounded marijuana.
“This industry has traditionally been made up of people who really believed in this cause, this plant, and the health benefits,” said Kris Krane, a cannabis industry consultant.
“Most of the new players getting involved now are getting into it from a business perspective and they will look at patents as more of a business consideration.” '
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-marijuana-patent-analysis/patents-on-pot-u-s-lawsuit-puts-cannabis-claims-to-the-test-idUSKCN1NY1GU
'Amid all this confusion, hemp scientists are trying to unravel the intricacies of farming the plant. Most are starting with two key strains that are used to make fiber and seed. For these strains, some of the groundwork is set, thanks to relevant research in Europe and Canada. Scientists also know that fiber and seed hemp behave like other major U.S. crops—farmers sow individual seeds and machine-harvest the plants. And since fiber hemp was the only version previously farmed on an industrial scale in the U.S., Post also tapped into the limited academic literature for a sense of the plant’s basic qualities.'
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-race-to-relearn-hemp-farming/
'According to the Agricultural Research Council, hemp can be used to make more than 25,000 consumer products, from hemp apparel and accessories to houseware and cosmetics.'
https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/national/2018-09-18-sa-forges-ahead-with-guidelines-to-regulate-hemp-cultivation-and-manufacturing/
""Hemp is the only resource on earth that can feed you, clothe you, house you and heal you, however due to legislation in New Zealand at the moment we can only harvest the seed and the stalk and there's rules around how we can sell that."
https://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/ninetonoon/audio/2018659858/plant-culture-s-cameron-sims-hemp-superfood-recipes-and-push-to-legalise
'In this study, hemp shiv was fully characterized by examining cell wall microstructure, porosity and density using different approaches. The microstructure of hemp shiv was studied by SEM and confocal microscopy (CM). The porosity of hemp shiv was fully studied and characterized by employing MIP. The cell wall density was evaluated by helium pycnometry, MIP and the Archimedes’ method.'
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5936917/
'One of the biggest misconceptions is that all cannabis gets you high. This couldn't be further from the truth. Agricultural hemp is produced for textiles, CBD oil extracts, paper and a number of other uses. The plant most commonly used in the hemp industry is Cannabis Sativa, growing between 10 and 15 feet tall before harvesting. Industrial hemp plants also have little to no THC, meaning that they have no psychoactive properties. '
https://www.csindy.com/coloradosprings/agricultural-hemp-vs-marijuana-cultivation-techniques/Content?oid=13009424
'iHemp (industrial hemp) oil is an anti-bacterial, anti-viral, anti-fungal, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin regenerative, and cardioprotective properties.'
http://iihaindia.org/iiha/ihemp-oil-a-gift-to-mankind/
Industrial hemp - rich in fats that boost brain and cardiovascular health, a complete protein source for vegetarians , anti-fatigue and immune-boosting properties, packed with fiber, excellent source of iron, magnesium and zinc
http://iihaindia.org/hemp/benefits-of-ihemp/
'For now, we can delight in the fact that hemp is back and back in a huge way. Legal hemp created a new economy, revealed awe-inspiring medical potential, and makes use of otherwise unused land.
'Let’s all hope the federal government does the right thing and legalizes industrial hemp for every possible use imaginable, and for everyone to grow!'
https://ministryofhemp.com/blog/state-hemp-programs/
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