After it legalized cannabis for medical use in March 2017, Germany imports most of its cannabis from other countries like Canada and the Netherlands. A large number of registered medical cannabis patients rely on cannabis for treatment as they prefer it over pharmaceutical medications. Germany has recently approved the setting up of local cultivation of cannabis by three companies to meet its demand for medical cannabis. Two companies are Canadian while one is Dutch.
The German ruling party has been opposed to the legalization of cannabis for recreational purposes though most of the opposition parties have spoken in favor of adult recreational use legalization in the past. It is ironic that the country that is one of the leaders in medical cannabis consumption in Europe and struggles to meet its demand for cannabis through imports is one of the countries that asked for a postponement of the UN meeting to review the worldwide ban on cannabis that was to happen in May 2019. Germany, along with the US, Japan and Russia requested more time to review the findings of an UN expert committee. The committee had recommended that cannabis be moved out of the most restrictive schedule 4 of the UN list of banned substances that it is currently placed in and moved in to a much more lenient schedule 1 or 2 reflecting the plant's safe usage profile and medical benefits. In the subsequent follow up meeting of March 2020, Germany seems to have been less vocal in its opposition, but that did not prevent the review from getting postponed once again to December 2020. As per a report from MJBizDaily, 'The European Union regretted that “the majority of countries wasn’t ready” to vote, urging them to be ready in December'.
The German ruling party has been opposed to the legalization of cannabis for recreational purposes though most of the opposition parties have spoken in favor of adult recreational use legalization in the past. It is ironic that the country that is one of the leaders in medical cannabis consumption in Europe and struggles to meet its demand for cannabis through imports is one of the countries that asked for a postponement of the UN meeting to review the worldwide ban on cannabis that was to happen in May 2019. Germany, along with the US, Japan and Russia requested more time to review the findings of an UN expert committee. The committee had recommended that cannabis be moved out of the most restrictive schedule 4 of the UN list of banned substances that it is currently placed in and moved in to a much more lenient schedule 1 or 2 reflecting the plant's safe usage profile and medical benefits. In the subsequent follow up meeting of March 2020, Germany seems to have been less vocal in its opposition, but that did not prevent the review from getting postponed once again to December 2020. As per a report from MJBizDaily, 'The European Union regretted that “the majority of countries wasn’t ready” to vote, urging them to be ready in December'.
In December 2020, the UN voted to remove cannabis from its most
restricted Schedule IV category of the 1961 Single Convention on
Narcotic Drugs. It does however still remain in Schedule I, which is the
least restrictive. This one move by the UN itself should be sufficient
to bring about the recreational legalization of cannabis in every nation
and an overhaul of national drug laws.
EMCCDA reports that - 'As in previous years, the United Kingdom (34 %) and Germany (13 %)
together account for around half of the EU total number of drug-related
deaths in 2017.' The International Narcotics Control Board (INCB) reports that in 2018, Germany was the world's largest importer and exporter of the deadly opioid, fentanyl. United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) in its World Drug
Report 2020 says 'At the global level, Germany was the second largest consumer of opioid
pain relievers, with an estimated 28,862 S-DDD per million population
per day for medical use in 2017, followed by Austria, Belgium and
Switzerland. In Germany, the number of pharmaceutical opioids overall
and the number of people receiving opioid treatment have increased over
the past few decades; in most instances, prescriptions were given for
non-chronic cancer pain. A review of scientific literature from Germany
published between 1985 and 2016 showed that out of the 12 studies
reviewed, 6 studies reported a prevalence for patients with medical use
of any opioid for long-term treatment of non-cancer chronic pain ranging
from 0.54 to 5.7 per cent, while four studies reported a prevalence for
patients with medical use of opioids at 0.057 to 1.39 per cent of the
population'
Yet powerful German pharmaceutical companies with global reach and influence are probably able to exert enough pressure on the German government to keep recreational cannabis illegal and to make the German government take a stand in opposition to cannabis on the world stage. This delay tactic enables these pharmaceutical giants to continue to ply their trade among the general public in Germany and to consolidate their world wide networks while the German, US, Russian and Japanese governments dither and buy time for them. There are also the other players opposed to cannabis who have their say in Germany as well. What needs to be remembered is that cannabis for industrial applications represents a very sustainable option with uses in the range of thousands from automobile bodies to paper to textiles. One would expect that a country known for its technical excellence would not only be a world leader in sustainable hemp based technology but would also be a most vocal supporter for the plant's legalization in all its forms world wide.
It
must be noted that in most places where cannabis legalization for recreational purposes has
happened it took the efforts of the people who mobilized themselves
through grassroots level movements to bring about this change. Left to
lawmakers legalization would have been impossible, as the main interests
of lawmakers concern the protection of the big industries opposed to
cannabis such as pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, medical, alcohol and tobacco.
For something that truly benefits the people, the people themselves have
had to make the change.
Listed below are articles taken from various media related to the above subject. Words in italics are the thoughts of your truly at the time of reading the article.
'Contracts between Germany’s Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices and the three companies it tentatively selected to cultivate and distribute its medical cannabis could be formalized as early as Wednesday after a mandatory 10-day appeals process expires.
Ontario, Canada-based Wayland Group – through its joint venture with Berlin-based Demecan – and the German subsidiaries of Canadian companies Aphria and Aurora Cannabis were chosen earlier this month to provide product for what is one of the largest medical cannabis markets in the world. Each was evaluated based on a points system focused on infrastructure, quality standards, security plans and price.'
https://mjbizdaily.com/marijuana-business-this-week-german-medical-cannabis-contracts-cbd-self-regulation-mmj-groups-bank-account-closed-more/
'May was the top month for medical coverage for cannabis since the current regulatory framework was implemented in early 2017.
During that month, statutory health insurers covered 10.6 million euros of medical cannabis, surpassing the 10 million euro mark for the first time. The number fell to 9.5 million euros in June.'
https://mjbizdaily.com/analysis-german-sales-of-insured-medical-cannabis-soar-in-second-quarter/
'Israel had no large imports before 2020, but in only six months the country became the largest importer in the world, underscoring how quickly things change in this nascent international industry.
Israeli producers have long eyed the export market, but the government has been slow to successfully facilitate exports, despite many attempts.
Several government decisions supposedly approving exports have been widely celebrated over the past couple of years, but so far no meaningful exports from Israel have occurred.'
https://mjbizdaily.com/israel-passes-germany-as-worlds-largest-importer-of-medical-cannabis-flower/
'At the global level, Germany was the second largest consumer of opioid pain relievers, with an estimated 28,862 S-DDD per million population per day for medical use in 2017, followed by Austria, Belgium and Switzerland. In Germany, the number of pharmaceutical opioids overall and the number of people receiving opioid treatment have increased over the past few decades; in most instances, prescriptions were given for non-chronic cancer pain. A review of scientific literature from Germany published between 1985 and 2016 showed that out of the 12 studies reviewed, 6 studies reported a prevalence for patients with medical use of any opioid for long-term treatment of non-cancer chronic pain ranging from 0.54 to 5.7 per cent, while four studies reported a prevalence for patients with medical use of opioids at 0.057 to 1.39 per cent of the population' - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drug Report 2020, https://wdr.unodc.org/wdr2020/field/WDR20_BOOKLET_4.pdf
'May was the top month for medical coverage for cannabis since the current regulatory framework was implemented in early 2017.
During that month, statutory health insurers covered 10.6 million euros of medical cannabis, surpassing the 10 million euro mark for the first time. The number fell to 9.5 million euros in June.'
https://mjbizdaily.com/analysis-german-sales-of-insured-medical-cannabis-soar-in-second-quarter/
'CannaCare Health GmbH said its CANOBO products hit the shelves at 2,200 branches of ROSSMANN drugstore across Germany in February 2020.
The products include two full-spectrum CBD nutritional supplements at concentrations of 2.75% and 5% and a topical sport recovery gel.'
https://hempindustrydaily.com/major-german-drugstore-stocks-cbd-supplements-and-topicals-in-2200-stores/
'Germany was also the principal importing country for fentanyl in 2018 (434.7 kg, or 35.5 per cent of global imports); it was followed by Spain (125.1 kg, or 10.2 per cent), the United Kingdom (111.2 kg, or 9.1 per cent), France (73.9 kg, or 6.0 per cent), Italy (54.6 kg, or 4.5 per cent) and the Netherlands (53.2 kg, or 4.3 per cent).'
https://www.incb.org/documents/Narcotic-Drugs/Technical-Publications/2019/Narcotic_Drugs_Technical_Publication_2019_web.pdf
'The principal exporting countries [of fentanyl] were Germany (417.1 kg, or 44.6 per cent of global exports), Belgium (241.7 kg, or 25.9 per cent), the United States (90.7 kg, or 9.7 per cent) and the United Kingdom (64.3 kg, or 6.9 per cent).
https://www.incb.org/documents/Narcotic-Drugs/Technical-Publications/2019/Narcotic_Drugs_Technical_Publication_2019_web.pdf
'The number of cannabis wholesalers in Germany is growing rapidly, but the amount of cannabis shipped from the Netherlands is steady – resulting in decreasing product available per wholesaler and, likely, an eventual consolidation in the market, according to local industry officials.
A record 30 companies effectively imported flower from the Netherlands in April, and more than 50 companies already have an import authorization granted by the German government to do so. That means the number of importers will likely keep on increasing at least in the short term'
https://mjbizdaily.com/german-wholesalers-of-dutch-medical-cannabis-face-growing-competition-shrinking-margins/
'Flower imported from the Netherlands and Canada has been available in German pharmacies since before 2019, and flower from Portugal became available for the first time toward the end of 2019.
While the first imports from Spain and Denmark were authorized by the BfArM in recent months, MJBizDaily is unaware of cannabis from those countries being already available for German patients'
https://mjbizdaily.com/german-imports-of-medical-cannabis-show-little-growth-in-early-2020/
'The variety of full-spectrum products is much smaller than that of flower, with at least 30 cultivars being consistently available for pharmacists to order throughout the last month.
However, MJBizDaily‘s Medical Cannabis in Europe report estimated that sales of full-spectrum extracts represented just 4% of total sales covered by statutory health insurance in Germany in 2019, although that percentage is growing.
Recent massive imports of flower into Europe for further processing indicate that more extracts could soon become available
https://mjbizdaily.com/competition-grows-in-germanys-medical-cannabis-extracts-market/
'Germany was the main destination for Canada’s dried cannabis.
Just over 94% of the 3,740.232 kilograms of dried product exported from Canada last year went to the European Union country.
Germany imported roughly 6,714 kilograms of medical cannabis flower in 2019 from all destinations – both for pharmacy dispensing and redistribution in the EU – meaning Canada provided 52% of Germany’s imported flower. Most of the rest came from the Netherlands.'
https://mjbizdaily.com/canada-exported-record-amount-of-dried-cannabis-in-2019/
Medical insurance companies..another opponent of recreational cannabis legalization...
'Insurance reimbursements for medical cannabis in Germany continue to reach fresh quarterly records, according to new data for the January-March period.
In the first quarter of 2020, total reimbursement of cannabis and marijuana-related medicines reached 38.9 million euros ($43.7 million), the German National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Funds (GKV-Spitzenverband) reported.
That is 6% higher than the final quarter of 2019 and 58% more than the first quarter of 2019.'
https://mjbizdaily.com/insurance-covered-reimbursements-for-medical-cannabis-sets-record-in-germany/
'In Western and Central Europe, the prevalence of past-year cannabis use has fluctuated over the past decade from 6 to 7 per cent among the population aged 15–64. However, some countries in the subregion, in particular countries with large populations such as Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom (England and Wales), have reported an increase in cannabis use in recent drug use surveys.' - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drug Report 2020, https://wdr.unodc.org/wdr2020/field/WDR20_Booklet_2.pdf
'While methamphetamine trafficking flows from East and South-East Asia to countries outside the subregion remain modest, some smuggling to destinations around the world was reported, mainly smuggling from Malaysia, Thailand and Myanmar in 2018 or, when the period is extended to the past five years, mainly from China and Thailand. Destinations outside the subregion included countries in South Asia, the Near and Middle East (Saudi Arabia as well as Israel), Oceania (Australia and New Zealand), North America (the United States as well as Canada), Western Europe (notably Switzerland as well as Italy, Germany, France, Spain and Iceland), Eastern Europe (notably the Russian Federation) and Africa (notably South Africa) over the period 2014–2018' - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drug Report 2020, https://wdr.unodc.org/wdr2020/field/WDR20_Booklet_3.pdf
Afghanistan and Mexico source the heroin and morphine. Mexico, Thailand, Myanmar and China source the methamphetamine. The Middle East and Eastern Europe sources the amphetamine. The US consumes heroin, cocaine and methamphetamine. Europe consumes heroin, morphine, methamphetamine and amphetamine. Asia consumes heroin, morphine and methamphetamine. Australia consumes methamphetamine. The Middle East consumes heroin and amphetamine. West Asia consumes heroin and methamphetamine. All countries grow and consume cannabis. Opioids, methamphetamine and amphetamines kill the most in terms of drug deaths, cannabis kills none. Who are the leading opponents to cannabis legalization and leading enforcers of global anti-cannabis policy? The countries involved the most in heroin, morphine, amphetamines and methamphetamines. They put on a mask of concern about harms from drugs, produce, sell and consume the most dangerous synthetic drugs and vehemently oppose cannabis legalization worldwide while clandestinely feeding their habits and protecting their sources. They use arms and armies to protect and promote their synthetic drug habits, and drug money to fund and wage a war on cannabis everywhere, pushing man and planet ever closer to death on massive scales and away from the safe, healing cannabis herb...
Ontario, Canada-based Wayland Group – through its joint venture with Berlin-based Demecan – and the German subsidiaries of Canadian companies Aphria and Aurora Cannabis were chosen earlier this month to provide product for what is one of the largest medical cannabis markets in the world. Each was evaluated based on a points system focused on infrastructure, quality standards, security plans and price.'
https://mjbizdaily.com/marijuana-business-this-week-german-medical-cannabis-contracts-cbd-self-regulation-mmj-groups-bank-account-closed-more/
'May was the top month for medical coverage for cannabis since the current regulatory framework was implemented in early 2017.
During that month, statutory health insurers covered 10.6 million euros of medical cannabis, surpassing the 10 million euro mark for the first time. The number fell to 9.5 million euros in June.'
https://mjbizdaily.com/analysis-german-sales-of-insured-medical-cannabis-soar-in-second-quarter/
'Israel had no large imports before 2020, but in only six months the country became the largest importer in the world, underscoring how quickly things change in this nascent international industry.
Israeli producers have long eyed the export market, but the government has been slow to successfully facilitate exports, despite many attempts.
Several government decisions supposedly approving exports have been widely celebrated over the past couple of years, but so far no meaningful exports from Israel have occurred.'
https://mjbizdaily.com/israel-passes-germany-as-worlds-largest-importer-of-medical-cannabis-flower/
'At the global level, Germany was the second largest consumer of opioid pain relievers, with an estimated 28,862 S-DDD per million population per day for medical use in 2017, followed by Austria, Belgium and Switzerland. In Germany, the number of pharmaceutical opioids overall and the number of people receiving opioid treatment have increased over the past few decades; in most instances, prescriptions were given for non-chronic cancer pain. A review of scientific literature from Germany published between 1985 and 2016 showed that out of the 12 studies reviewed, 6 studies reported a prevalence for patients with medical use of any opioid for long-term treatment of non-cancer chronic pain ranging from 0.54 to 5.7 per cent, while four studies reported a prevalence for patients with medical use of opioids at 0.057 to 1.39 per cent of the population' - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drug Report 2020, https://wdr.unodc.org/wdr2020/field/WDR20_BOOKLET_4.pdf
'May was the top month for medical coverage for cannabis since the current regulatory framework was implemented in early 2017.
During that month, statutory health insurers covered 10.6 million euros of medical cannabis, surpassing the 10 million euro mark for the first time. The number fell to 9.5 million euros in June.'
https://mjbizdaily.com/analysis-german-sales-of-insured-medical-cannabis-soar-in-second-quarter/
'CannaCare Health GmbH said its CANOBO products hit the shelves at 2,200 branches of ROSSMANN drugstore across Germany in February 2020.
The products include two full-spectrum CBD nutritional supplements at concentrations of 2.75% and 5% and a topical sport recovery gel.'
https://hempindustrydaily.com/major-german-drugstore-stocks-cbd-supplements-and-topicals-in-2200-stores/
'Germany was also the principal importing country for fentanyl in 2018 (434.7 kg, or 35.5 per cent of global imports); it was followed by Spain (125.1 kg, or 10.2 per cent), the United Kingdom (111.2 kg, or 9.1 per cent), France (73.9 kg, or 6.0 per cent), Italy (54.6 kg, or 4.5 per cent) and the Netherlands (53.2 kg, or 4.3 per cent).'
https://www.incb.org/documents/Narcotic-Drugs/Technical-Publications/2019/Narcotic_Drugs_Technical_Publication_2019_web.pdf
'The principal exporting countries [of fentanyl] were Germany (417.1 kg, or 44.6 per cent of global exports), Belgium (241.7 kg, or 25.9 per cent), the United States (90.7 kg, or 9.7 per cent) and the United Kingdom (64.3 kg, or 6.9 per cent).
https://www.incb.org/documents/Narcotic-Drugs/Technical-Publications/2019/Narcotic_Drugs_Technical_Publication_2019_web.pdf
'The number of cannabis wholesalers in Germany is growing rapidly, but the amount of cannabis shipped from the Netherlands is steady – resulting in decreasing product available per wholesaler and, likely, an eventual consolidation in the market, according to local industry officials.
A record 30 companies effectively imported flower from the Netherlands in April, and more than 50 companies already have an import authorization granted by the German government to do so. That means the number of importers will likely keep on increasing at least in the short term'
https://mjbizdaily.com/german-wholesalers-of-dutch-medical-cannabis-face-growing-competition-shrinking-margins/
'Flower imported from the Netherlands and Canada has been available in German pharmacies since before 2019, and flower from Portugal became available for the first time toward the end of 2019.
While the first imports from Spain and Denmark were authorized by the BfArM in recent months, MJBizDaily is unaware of cannabis from those countries being already available for German patients'
https://mjbizdaily.com/german-imports-of-medical-cannabis-show-little-growth-in-early-2020/
'The variety of full-spectrum products is much smaller than that of flower, with at least 30 cultivars being consistently available for pharmacists to order throughout the last month.
However, MJBizDaily‘s Medical Cannabis in Europe report estimated that sales of full-spectrum extracts represented just 4% of total sales covered by statutory health insurance in Germany in 2019, although that percentage is growing.
Recent massive imports of flower into Europe for further processing indicate that more extracts could soon become available
https://mjbizdaily.com/competition-grows-in-germanys-medical-cannabis-extracts-market/
'Germany was the main destination for Canada’s dried cannabis.
Just over 94% of the 3,740.232 kilograms of dried product exported from Canada last year went to the European Union country.
Germany imported roughly 6,714 kilograms of medical cannabis flower in 2019 from all destinations – both for pharmacy dispensing and redistribution in the EU – meaning Canada provided 52% of Germany’s imported flower. Most of the rest came from the Netherlands.'
https://mjbizdaily.com/canada-exported-record-amount-of-dried-cannabis-in-2019/
Medical insurance companies..another opponent of recreational cannabis legalization...
'Insurance reimbursements for medical cannabis in Germany continue to reach fresh quarterly records, according to new data for the January-March period.
In the first quarter of 2020, total reimbursement of cannabis and marijuana-related medicines reached 38.9 million euros ($43.7 million), the German National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Funds (GKV-Spitzenverband) reported.
That is 6% higher than the final quarter of 2019 and 58% more than the first quarter of 2019.'
https://mjbizdaily.com/insurance-covered-reimbursements-for-medical-cannabis-sets-record-in-germany/
'In Western and Central Europe, the prevalence of past-year cannabis use has fluctuated over the past decade from 6 to 7 per cent among the population aged 15–64. However, some countries in the subregion, in particular countries with large populations such as Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom (England and Wales), have reported an increase in cannabis use in recent drug use surveys.' - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drug Report 2020, https://wdr.unodc.org/wdr2020/field/WDR20_Booklet_2.pdf
'While methamphetamine trafficking flows from East and South-East Asia to countries outside the subregion remain modest, some smuggling to destinations around the world was reported, mainly smuggling from Malaysia, Thailand and Myanmar in 2018 or, when the period is extended to the past five years, mainly from China and Thailand. Destinations outside the subregion included countries in South Asia, the Near and Middle East (Saudi Arabia as well as Israel), Oceania (Australia and New Zealand), North America (the United States as well as Canada), Western Europe (notably Switzerland as well as Italy, Germany, France, Spain and Iceland), Eastern Europe (notably the Russian Federation) and Africa (notably South Africa) over the period 2014–2018' - United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, World Drug Report 2020, https://wdr.unodc.org/wdr2020/field/WDR20_Booklet_3.pdf
Afghanistan and Mexico source the heroin and morphine. Mexico, Thailand, Myanmar and China source the methamphetamine. The Middle East and Eastern Europe sources the amphetamine. The US consumes heroin, cocaine and methamphetamine. Europe consumes heroin, morphine, methamphetamine and amphetamine. Asia consumes heroin, morphine and methamphetamine. Australia consumes methamphetamine. The Middle East consumes heroin and amphetamine. West Asia consumes heroin and methamphetamine. All countries grow and consume cannabis. Opioids, methamphetamine and amphetamines kill the most in terms of drug deaths, cannabis kills none. Who are the leading opponents to cannabis legalization and leading enforcers of global anti-cannabis policy? The countries involved the most in heroin, morphine, amphetamines and methamphetamines. They put on a mask of concern about harms from drugs, produce, sell and consume the most dangerous synthetic drugs and vehemently oppose cannabis legalization worldwide while clandestinely feeding their habits and protecting their sources. They use arms and armies to protect and promote their synthetic drug habits, and drug money to fund and wage a war on cannabis everywhere, pushing man and planet ever closer to death on massive scales and away from the safe, healing cannabis herb...
'The European Union regretted that “the majority of countries wasn’t ready” to vote, urging them to be ready in December'
https://mjbizdaily.com/postponed-vote-on-who-cannabis-recommendations-reveals-international-disagreements-uphill-battle-ahead/
'As in previous years, the United Kingdom (34 %) and Germany (13 %) together account for around half of the EU total number of drug-related deaths in 2017. This relates partly to the size of the at-risk populations in these countries, but also to under-reporting in certain other countries. Following the United Kingdom and Germany, Turkey, Sweden, Spain, France, Italy and Norway report the largest numbers of deaths.
There are also differences within countries, with some regions and cities much more affected than others.'
http://www.emcdda.europa.eu/publications/topic-overviews/content/faq-drug-overdose-deaths-in-europe_en#question3
'Germany’s leap into homegrown medical marijuana is nothing if not orderly.
The government is moving to assure a local supply of the drug by giving out grower contracts for 10,400 kilograms (22,928 pounds) of pot over the next four years. The Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices’s so-called Cannabis Agency will choose between 79 bidders from growers by the end of June, the agency said on Monday.
Germany has relied on imports from the Netherlands and Canada since it legalized medical marijuana in March 2017. Now it’s aiming for the first local harvest by the end of next year. Producers and pharmacies will still be allowed to buy from foreign growers, but the tender will ensure a high-quality native supply is also available, said Maik Pommer, a spokesman for the drugs agency.'
https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-01-28/german-cannabis-office-seeks-local-growers-to-secure-pot-harvest
'Legalizing marijuana is one of the rare issues that unites the FDP, the Green party and the Left party. The opposition parties argue that keeping cannabis on the black market prevents patients from getting the help they need, and puts recreational consumers at risk of being exposed to questionable products that could be laced with harmful chemicals or harder drugs.
Chancellor Angela Merkel's Christian Democrats (CDU) have remained strongly opposed to legal cannabis. Germany's other ruling party, the center-left Social Democrats (SPD), remains on the fence.'
https://www.dw.com/en/germany-delays-roll-out-of-medical-marijuana/a-46872556
Those who feared legalization in Canada could stop the flow of medical cannabis imported to Germany can breathe a sigh of relief. Germany’s Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM) confirmed it will continue to license the import of medical cannabis from Canada.
https://www.marijuana.com/news/2018/05/german-imports-of-canadian-medical-cannabis-likely-to-continue/
'Months after the initial process was derailed by lawsuits, the German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (BfArM) reissued the country’s first tender bid to cultivate and process medical cannabis domestically.'
https://mjbizdaily.com/deadline-looms-for-germany-cultivation-bid-but-entry-barriers-are-high/
'Three companies were chosen to cultivate medical marijuana in Germany – the result of a long-delayed application process to provide product for one of the largest medical cannabis markets in the world.
Canada’s Aphria received five of the 13 lots that were up for grabs, according to Hendrik Knopp, managing director of Aphria Deutschland.
The result “is a very important footstep toward our twofold strategy of establishing a high-quality, in-country cultivation in Germany and importing additional flowers and oil from Canada and Denmark to provide the German market with complete cannabis medicine offering,” Knopp told Marijuana Business Daily'
https://mjbizdaily.com/aphria-aurora-demecan-german-medical-cannabis-cultivation/
'Dutch Health Minister Hugo de Jonge and his German counterpart, Jens Spahn, agreed to more than double medical cannabis shipments from the current 700 kilograms (1,543 pounds) per year to 1,500 kilograms, according to the Der Spiegel newspaper.'
https://mjbizdaily.com/germany-turns-to-netherlands-medical-cannabis/
'People of the ruling classes say that with such complete conviction
that patriotism is a lofty sentiment, that common folk who have not
experienced it acknowledge themselves to blame for not feeling it, and
try to persuade themselves that they do feel it, or at least pretend to
do so.
That sentiment, in its most precise definition, is nothing but putting one's own kingdom or people before every other kingdom or people - a feeling fully expressed by the patriotic German song: Deutschland, Deutschland, uber alles, in which it is only necessary to substitute Russland, Frankreich, Italian, or any other kingdom in place of Deutschland, to obtain the clearest formula for the lofty feeling of patriotism. No doubt that feeling is very useful and desirable for governments and to the unity of the State, but one cannot help but see that it is not at all a lofty sentiment, but on the contrary a very stupid and immoral one: stupid because if each kingdom is to consider better than any other, it is evident that they will all be wrong; and immoral because it inevitably impels every man who feels it to seek advantages for his own State and people to the detriment of other States and peoples - an impulse directly contradictory to the fundamental moral law recognized by all, not to do to others what we do not wish done to us.'
- Leo Tolstoy - The Kingdom of God and Peace Essays
That sentiment, in its most precise definition, is nothing but putting one's own kingdom or people before every other kingdom or people - a feeling fully expressed by the patriotic German song: Deutschland, Deutschland, uber alles, in which it is only necessary to substitute Russland, Frankreich, Italian, or any other kingdom in place of Deutschland, to obtain the clearest formula for the lofty feeling of patriotism. No doubt that feeling is very useful and desirable for governments and to the unity of the State, but one cannot help but see that it is not at all a lofty sentiment, but on the contrary a very stupid and immoral one: stupid because if each kingdom is to consider better than any other, it is evident that they will all be wrong; and immoral because it inevitably impels every man who feels it to seek advantages for his own State and people to the detriment of other States and peoples - an impulse directly contradictory to the fundamental moral law recognized by all, not to do to others what we do not wish done to us.'
- Leo Tolstoy - The Kingdom of God and Peace Essays
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https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/cannabis-research-in-universities.html
Government Research on Cannabis
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/government-research-on-cannabis.html
Cannabis and Canada
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/05/cannabis-and-canada.html
Cannabis and Japan
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/05/cannabis-and-japan.html
Cannabis and the Netherlands
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/05/cannabis-and-netherlands.html
Cannabis and Russia
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/05/cannabis-and-russia.html
Cannabis and the UN
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/05/cannabis-and-un.html
Cannabis Opposition
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/05/cannabis-opposition.html
Cannabis Laws
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/cannabis-laws.html
Cannabis and Crime
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/cannabis-and-crime.html
Cannabis Advocacy
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/cannabis-advocacy.html
Cannabis convictions and imprisonment
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/cannabis-convictions-and-imprisonment.html
Cannabis and the Black Market
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/cannabis-and-black-market.html
Cannabis and Law Enforcement
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/cannabis-and-law-enforcement.html
Cannabis and Pharma Companies
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/cannabis-and-pharma-companies.html
Cannabis and Youth
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/03/cannabis-and-youth.html
Cannabis and the Environment
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2018/10/cannabis-and-environment.html
Cannabis as an Agricultural Crop
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2018/10/cannabis-as-agricultural-crop.html
Cannabis as Medicine
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2018/10/cannabis-as-medicine.html
Cannabis for Recreational Purposes
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2018/10/cannabis-for-recreational-purposes.html
Cannabis and Research
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2018/10/cannabis-and-research.html
The Business of Cannabis
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2018/10/the-business-of-cannabis.html
The Economics of Cannabis
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2018/10/the-economics-of-cannabis.html
The Legality of Cannabis
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2018/10/the-legality-of-cannabis.html
The Politics of Cannabis
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2018/10/the-politics-of-cannabis.html
The Social Usage of Cannabis
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2018/10/the-social-usage-of-cannabis.html
No medicinal value?
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/02/no-medicinal-value.html
Cannabis Patients
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/cannabis-patients.html
Cannabis and the Elderly
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/cannabis-and-elderly.html
Cannabis and Alcohol
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/cannabis-and-alcohol.html
Cannabis and Tobacco
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/cannabis-and-tobacco.html
Cannabis and Methamphetamine
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/cannabis-and-methamphetamine.html
Cannabis and Opioids
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/cannabis-and-opioids.html
Cannabis and Harm Reduction
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/cannabis-and-harm-reduction.html
Cannabis and Synthetic Cannabinoids
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/cannabis-and-synthetic-cannabinoids.html
Cannabis as Universal Medicine
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/cannabis-as-universal-medicine.html
The Recreational Cannabis Consumer
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/05/the-recreational-cannabis-consumer.html
The History of Cannabis
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/the-history-of-cannabis.html
Cannabis and Social Consumption Areas
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/cannabis-and-social-consumption-areas.html
Cannabis and Politicians
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/cannabis-and-politicians.html
Cannabis and Scientists
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/cannabis-and-scientists.html
Cannabis Events
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/cannabis-and-public-events.html
Cannabis in the Workplace
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/04/cannabis-in-workplace.html
Cannabis and the US Federal Government
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2019/05/cannabis-and-us-federal-government.html
Cannabis and the Medical Industry
With no scientific basis global drug laws are invalid
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2020/06/with-no-scientific-basis-global-drug.html
A Look At The NDPS Act 1985 From A Cannabis Perspective
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2020/08/a-look-at-ndps-act-1985-from-cannabis.html
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2020/06/with-no-scientific-basis-global-drug.html
A Look At The NDPS Act 1985 From A Cannabis Perspective
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2020/08/a-look-at-ndps-act-1985-from-cannabis.html
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2020/03/cannabis-usage-in-19th-century.html
19th Century usage of cannabis as medicine by Indian physicians
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2020/03/19th-century-usage-of-cannabis-as.html
Cannabis and Sickle Cell Disease
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2020/11/cannabis-and-sickle-cell-disease.html
Cannabis and Nausea
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2020/11/cannabis-and-nausea.html
Cannabis and Insanity
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2020/11/cannabis-and-insanity.html
References to medicinal cannabis in ancient texts
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2020/03/references-to-medicinal-cannabis-in.html
Cannabis and the Digestive System
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2020/03/cannabis-and-digestive-system.html
Cannabis and Cocaine
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2020/11/cannabis-and-cocaine.html
Cannabis and Benzodiazepines
https://ravingkoshy.blogspot.com/2020/11/cannabis-and-benzodiazepines.html
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